Hell on Wheels
Electric bikes and scooters are everywhere now—fast, quiet, and easy to use. But when children ride them, the risks go beyond scraped knees. If a child is injured in Michigan, the law treats these devices differently than most parents expect. Knowing the statutory definitions and how they affect No-Fault insurance and negligence claims can make all the difference.
Why This Matters
Recent tragedies and studies show that e-bike injuries are becoming more common and more severe. In June 2026, a 16-year-old New Jersey high school wrestler was killed when his e-bike collided with a delivery truck. Earlier this month, a 13-year-old Illinois boy was hospitalized after being struck while riding his e-bike. Michigan alone has seen a marked increase in fatal e-bike crashes in 2026. Around the country, trauma centers are reporting dramatic increases in emergency room visits involving electric bicycles and scooters.
Researchers have found that e-bike riders often suffer injuries more similar to those seen in motorcycle crashes than traditional bicycle accidents. Higher speeds, heavier vehicles, and the increasing popularity of e-bikes among children and teenagers have combined to create a growing safety concern.
Unfortunately, many parents assume that injuries involving e-bikes or scooters are treated just like ordinary bicycle accidents. In Michigan, that is not always the case. Whether a motor vehicle was involved can determine whether No-Fault benefits are available and what legal remedies may exist.
Michigan’s Legal Definitions
Electric Bicycle
Under MCL 257.13e, an “electric bicycle” is a bicycle with a seat, fully operable pedals, and an electric motor of no more than 750 watts. The law recognizes three classes:
Class 1 – Motor assists only while pedaling, stops at 20 mph.
Class 2 – Motor can propel without pedaling, stops at 20 mph.
Class 3 – Motor assists only while pedaling, stops at 28 mph, and the rider must be 14 or older and wear a helmet.
Electric Scooter
Michigan does not use the term “e-scooter” in its definitions. Instead, MCL 257.13f defines an “electric skateboard” as a wheeled device (with or without handlebars) having a floorboard to stand on, a motor up to 2,500 watts, and a top speed of 25 mph. This definition covers most app-based rental scooters and privately owned stand-up scooters.
Pedestrian
Under MCL 257.39, a “pedestrian” means a person afoot, including individuals with mobility disabilities using certain power-driven mobility devices. Riders on e-bikes or e-scooters are not considered pedestrians under this definition.
No-Fault Insurance: Who Qualifies?
Michigan’s No-Fault Act requires that, to receive Personal Protection Insurance (PIP) benefits, the injury must “arise out of the ownership, operation, maintenance, or use of a motor vehicle as a motor vehicle” (MCL 500.3105).
A “motor vehicle” is defined in MCL 500.3101(3)(i) as a vehicle operated on a public highway by power other than muscle with more than two wheels, and specifically excludes electric bicycles. Stand-up e-scooters also fall outside the definition.
What this means:
If a motor vehicle is involved – A child on an e-bike or e-scooter who is struck by a car should be entitled to PIP benefits. Priority is determined under MCL 500.3114(1) (household policy first) and MCL 500.3115 (Michigan Assigned Claims Plan if no household policy).
If no motor vehicle is involved – There is no PIP coverage. A solo fall or collision with another cyclist or scooter will not trigger No-Fault benefits.
Negligence Claims Against a Driver
Separate from PIP, a child injured by a negligent driver may sue for pain and suffering and other noneconomic damages if the injuries meet the threshold for “serious impairment of body function” or “permanent serious disfigurement” under MCL 500.3135.
Economic losses not covered by PIP may also be claimed. Michigan follows comparative fault rules, so any award may be reduced if the child’s own actions contributed to the accident. For minors, the standard is what is reasonable for a child of similar age, maturity, and experience.
Safety and Compliance Considerations
Helmets – Under MCL 257.661(3), Class 3 e-bike riders under 18 must wear a helmet. Local ordinances may impose helmet rules for scooters.
Where they can ride – MCL 257.660 and related bicycle provisions apply. Local governments may restrict scooters on sidewalks or in business districts.
Visibility – Devices should be equipped with lights and reflectors per MCL 257.662 and MCL 257.662a.
Parent Checklist: What to Do if Your Child Is Injured on an E-Bike or E-Scooter
Get medical attention immediately – Even if injuries seem minor, documentation matters.
Call police and get a report – This establishes the facts and identifies insurance information.
Take photos and videos – Capture the scene, vehicle, injuries, and any hazards.
Identify witnesses – Names, phone numbers, and statements can be critical.
Notify your auto insurer – Even if your child wasn’t in a car, PIP may apply if a motor vehicle was involved.
Check local ordinances – They can impact liability arguments.
Speak to an attorney early – Timely legal advice helps preserve claims and avoid missed deadlines.
Click here for a downloadable condensed information sheet on the topic. If your minor child has been involved in an accident involving an e-bike, it is important to know what rights they have and remedies available under the law.
As e-bikes and electric scooters become more common, so do serious injuries involving children and teenagers. These cases can involve complicated questions concerning No-Fault benefits, comparative fault, and available damages. Prompt investigation and early legal advice can make a substantial difference.
If your child has been injured while riding an e-bike or e-scooter, understanding your rights under Michigan law is essential.
